“I’m looking to start an outdoor worm composting project in my backyard to help with my garden waste. I live in a temperate climate and want to know which worm species would be best for outdoor composting. I’ve heard that some worms are better at composting organic material than others. Can you guide me on which species to use and why they are suitable for outdoor worm composting? Also, are there any specific considerations I should keep in mind while setting this up?” Thanks, Andrew, Seattle, USA.
What Species Are Best For Outdoor Worm Composting?
Hey Andrew! Great to hear that you’re interested in outdoor worm composting. It’s a fantastic way to recycle organic waste and enrich your garden soil. Choosing the right species of worms is key to making sure your composting efforts are successful.
Red Wigglers (Eisenia fetida)
Red wigglers are commonly considered the champions of composting. They thrive in decomposing organic materials, such as kitchen scraps, garden waste, and even some types of paper. Here’s why they’re fantastic for outdoor worm composting:
- Temperature Tolerance: Red wigglers can handle a wide range of temperatures, usually between 55-77°F (13-25°C), which is great for the temperate climate of Seattle.
- High Reproduction Rate: These worms reproduce quickly, which means you’ll rapidly achieve a significant population that can process waste efficiently.
- Efficient Waste Processors: Red wigglers are voracious eaters and can consume up to their body weight in organic material per day.
- Rich Compost Production: Their castings (worm poop) are nutrient-rich and excellent for your garden soil.
Given your location, Andrew, red wigglers would likely adapt well to the local climate, assuming you can provide them with a bit of shelter during the hottest and coldest months.
European Nightcrawlers (Eisenia hortensis)
Next up are European nightcrawlers, another popular choice for outdoor composting:
- Larger Size: These worms are larger than red wigglers, which means they can handle slightly bigger pieces of organic material.
- Great for Garden Soil: They are excellent for garden soil because they can burrow deeper, improving aeration and drainage.
- Temperature Range: European nightcrawlers also thrive in temperatures between 55-77°F (13-25°C), making them a good option for temperate climates.
Blue Worms (Perionyx excavatus)
Blue worms are not as common but still worth mentioning, especially for warmer climates:
- High Reproduction Rate: These worms reproduce extremely quickly, which can be great for fast compost production.
- Optimal for Warm Environments: Blue worms prefer warmer temperatures, typically between 70-80°F (21-27°C). They might not be ideal for Seattle’s cooler months but could be a good mix with other species.
- Active Decomposers: Like red wigglers, blue worms are efficient at breaking down organic matter.
Because Seattle can have cooler temperatures, blue worms might struggle during the colder months unless you can insulate their composting environment. Mixing them with other more temperature-tolerant species could be a good strategy.
Specific Considerations for Outdoor Worm Composting
Now, let’s talk about a few important considerations to keep your outdoor worm composting project running smoothly:
Shelter and Insulation
Protect your worms from extreme weather. Use shade cloths in summer and insulate with straw or leaves in winter. Andrew, Seattle’s relatively mild climate is generally good, but extra shelter during the peak seasons will be beneficial.
Moisture Levels
Maintaining the right moisture level is crucial. The material should be as moist as a wrung-out sponge. Not too wet, not too dry. Add water or dry materials like shredded paper to balance it out.
Feeding Your Worms
- Diverse Diet: A variety of organic materials ensures they get all the nutrients they need.
- Avoid Certain Foods: Stay away from dairy, meats, oils, and citrus as they can be harmful to the worms and create unpleasant odors.
- Chop It Up: Smaller pieces of food break down faster, making it easier for worms to consume.
Aeration
Proper airflow is essential. Turn the compost regularly or use a well-ventilated bin to keep air circulating. This helps to avoid foul smells and keeps the worms happy.
Pests
Watch out for pests like rats, raccoons, or ants. Secure your composting area to make it pest-resistant. Use tight-fitting lids and fine mesh screens to keep unwanted visitors away.
Setting Up Your Outdoor Worm Compost Bin
Alright Andrew, let’s get into the practical setup:
Choose a Suitable Bin
Opt for a durable, weather-resistant bin. Wood, recycled plastic, or even an old bathtub can work. Make sure it’s well-ventilated and has drainage holes at the bottom.
Create a Worm-friendly Environment
- Bedding Material: Use shredded newspaper, cardboard, or coconut coir. This will be the base for your worms to live in.
- Add Moisture: Moisten the bedding material to the consistency of a damp sponge.
- Introduce the Worms: Once the bedding is ready, gently add your chosen species of worms.
Location
Place the bin in a shaded area that doesn’t get too hot or too cold. A spot that is protected from heavy rains would also be ideal to maintain moisture levels.
Maintenance
Regularly check on your worms and compost bin to ensure everything is running smoothly. Feed them weekly, keep the moisture level consistent, and watch for signs of distress or pests.
If you follow these guidelines, you’ll create a thriving environment for your worms and produce rich, nutritious compost for your garden.
Final Thoughts…
Andrew, thanks for sending in such a pertinent question. Worm composting is a fantastic venture that will benefit both your garden and the environment. Remember, red wigglers or European nightcrawlers are excellent choices for Seattle’s climate, and taking care to maintain the right conditions will keep your worms thriving. Happy composting, and may your garden flourish with the help of your new wormy friends!
